Nicholas I Of Russia

Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Nicholas I Of Russia shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Nicholas I Of Russia offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Nicholas I Of Russia at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Nicholas I Of Russia? Wrong! If the Nicholas I Of Russia is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Nicholas I Of Russia then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Nicholas I Of Russia? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Nicholas I Of Russia and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Nicholas I Of Russia wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Nicholas I Of Russia then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Nicholas I Of Russia site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Nicholas I Of Russia, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Nicholas I Of Russia, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox_Monarch ], 1825–March 2, 1855 [1826| successor = [Alexander II of Russia| consort = Charlotte of Prussia
[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna
Queen Olga of Württemberg
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantine Nicholaievich of Russia
Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia (1831-1891)
Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia| royal house = Romanov| royal anthem =| father = Paul I of Russia| mother = Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg| date of death = | place of death =| place of burial=|-->

Nicholas I ([Russian language: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Julian calendar), 1796 – March 2 (18 February Julian calendar), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. He was also King of Poland.

He was born in Gatchina to Paul I of Russia and Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg. He was a younger brother to Alexander I of Russia and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia.

Early life and road to power Nicholas was not brought up to be the Emperor of Russia as he had two elder brothers before him. As such in 1825, when Alexander I suddenly died of typhus, Nicholas was caught in between swearing allegiance to his second-eldest brother Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia and accepting the throne for himself.The interregnum lasted until Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia who was in Warsaw at that time confirmed his refusal additionally. In December 25 (13 Old Style) Nicholas issued the manifesto claiming his accession to the throne. That manifesto named December 1 as official date of his reign start. During that confusion a plot was hatched by the military to overthrow Nicholas and to usurp power. This led to the Decembrist Revolt in December 26 (14 Old Style), 1825 where Nicholas almost lost his life but in the end was successful in suppressing the uprising.

Emperor and principles Nicholas completely lacked his brothers' spiritual and intellectual breadth; he saw his role simply as one paternal autocrat ruling his people by whatever means were necessary. Having experienced the trauma of the Decembrist Revolt, Nicholas I was determined to restrain Russian society. A secret police, the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, ran a huge network of spies and informers with the help of Special Corps of Gendarmes. The government exercised censorship and other controls over education, publishing, and all manifestations of public life. In 1833 the minister of education, Sergey Uvarov, devised a program of "autocracy, Orthodoxy, and nationality" as the guiding principle of the regime. The people were to show loyalty to the unlimited authority of the tsar, to the traditions of the Russian Orthodox Church, and, in a vague way, to the Russian nation. These principles did not gain the support of the population but instead led to repression in general and to suppression of non-Russian nationalities and religions in particular. For example, the government suppressed the Eastern Catholic Churches in Ukraine and Belarus in 1839. See also Cantonists.

Nicholas refused to abolish serfdom during his reign, since it enabled the landlords to govern the peasants-something the relatively small Russian bureacracy was unable to do directly. However, he did make some efforts to improve the lot of the state peasants (serfs owned by the government) with the help of the minister Pavel Kiselev.

Culture The official emphasis on Russian nationalism contributed to a debate on Russia's place in the world, the meaning of Russian history, and the future of Russia. One group, the Westernizers, believed that Russia remained backward and primitive and could progress only through more Europeanization. Another group, the Slavophiles, enthusiastically favored the Slavs and their culture and customs, and had a distaste for Western world and their culture and customs. The Slavophiles viewed Slavs philosophy as a source of wholeness in Russia and were skeptical of Western rationalism and materialism. Some of them believed that the Russian peasant commune, or mir (social), offered an attractive alternative to Western capitalism and could make Russia a potential social and moral saviour. The Slavophiles, therefore, represented a form of Russian messianism.

Despite the repressions of this period, Russia experienced a flowering of literature and the arts. Through the works of Aleksandr Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, and numerous others, Russian literature gained international stature and recognition. Ballet took root in Russia after its importation from France, and classical music became firmly established with the compositions of Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857).

Foreign policy on St. Isaac's Square

In foreign policy, Nicholas I acted as the protector of ruling legitimism and guardian against revolution. His offers to suppress revolution on the European continent, accepted in some instances, earned him the label of gendarme of Europe. In 1825 Nicholas I was crowned and began to limit the liberties of constitutional monarchy in Congress Poland. In return, after the November Uprising broke out, in 1831 the Sejm deposed Nicholas as king of Poland in response to his repeated curtailment of its constitutional rights. The Tsar reacted by sending Russian troops into Poland. Nicholas crushed the rebellion, abrogated the Polish constitution, and reduced Poland to the status of a Privislinskiy Kray and embarked on a policy of repression towards Catholics. In 1848, when a Revolutions of 1848 convulsed Europe, Nicholas was in the forefront of reaction. In 1849 he intervened on behalf of the Habsburgs and helped suppress an The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, and he also urged Prussia not to accept a liberal constitution. Having helped conservative forces repel the specter of revolution, Nicholas I seemed to dominate Europe.

Russian dominance proved illusory, however. While Nicholas was attempting to maintain the status quo in Europe, he adopted an aggressive policy toward the Ottoman Empire. Nicholas I was following the traditional Russian policy of resolving the so-called Eastern Question by seeking to partition the Ottoman Empire and establish a protectorate over the Orthodox population of the Balkans, still largely under Ottoman control in the 1820s. Russia fought a successful war with the Ottomans in 1828 and 1829. In 1833 Russia negotiated the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi with the Ottoman Empire. The major European parties mistakenly believed that the treaty contained a secret clause granting Russia the right to send warships through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits. By the London Straits Convention of 1841, they affirmed Ottoman control over the straits and forbade any power, including Russia, to send warships through the straits. Based on his role in suppressing the revolutions of 1848 and his mistaken belief that he had British diplomatic support, Nicholas moved against the Ottomans, who declared war on Russia in 1853. Fearing the results of an Ottoman defeat by Russia, in 1854 United Kingdom and France joined what became known as the Crimean War on the Ottoman side. Austria offered the Ottomans diplomatic support, and Prussia remained neutral, leaving Russia without allies on the continent. The European allies landed in Crimea and laid siege to the well-fortified Russian base at Sevastopol. After a year's siege the base fell, exposing Russia's inability to defend a major fortification on its own soil. Nicholas I died before the fall of Sevastopol, but he already had recognized the failure of his regime. Russia now faced the choice of initiating major reforms or losing its status as a major European power.

Legacy From time to time efforts are made to revive Nicholas' reputation. Nicholas believed in his own oath and in respecting other people's rights as well as his own; witness Poland before 1831 and Hungary in 1849. He hated serfdom at heart and would have liked to destroy it, as well as detesting the tyranny of the Baltic squires over their 'emancipated' peasantry.... He must not be judged by the panic period of 1848-1855... we must not forget that his Minister of Public Education was Uvarov... who did an immense amount to spread education through the Empire at all levels. (Igor Vinogradoff)

The Marquis de Custine was open to the possibility that, inside, Nicholas was a good person, and only behaved as he did because he believed he had to. "If the Emperor, has no more of mercy in his heart than he reveals in his policies, then I pity Russia; if, on the other hand, his true sentiments are really superior to his acts, then I pity the Emperor."

Nicholas is involved in a common misconception about the railroad from Moscow to St Petersburg. When it was to be constructed, the engineers proposed to Nicholas to draw the future road on the map himself. So he is said to have taken the ruler and put one end at Moscow, the other at St. Petersburg, and then drawn a straight line. But as his finger was slightly sticking out, this left the road with a small curving. In fact, this curve was added in 1877, 26 years after the railway's construction to circumvent a steep gradient that lasted for 15km, and interfered with the railway's functionality.{{

cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/russia/article/0,2763,579665,00.html|publisher=Guardian Unlimited|title=Tsar's Finger sliced off on the Moscow express|date=October 24, 2001

--> This curving had to be rectified in the early 2000s when the speed of the trains running between the two cities had to be increased.

Ancestors {{ahnentafel-compact5|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;|border=1|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;|boxstyle_1=background-color: #008080;|boxstyle_2=background-color: #00c0c0;|boxstyle_3=background-color: #40ffff;|boxstyle_4=background-color: #80ffff;|boxstyle_5=background-color: #c0ffff;|1= 1. Nicholas I of Russia|2= 2. [Paul I of Russia|4= 4. [Peter III of Russia|6= 6. [Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg|8= 8. [Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|10= 10. [Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst|12= 12. [Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg|14= 14. [Friedrich Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt|16= 16. [Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|18= 18. [Peter I of Russia|20= 20. [Johann Ludwig of Anhalt-Zerbst|22= 22. [Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin|24= 24. [Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental|26= 26. [Anselm Franz of Thurn and Taxis|28= 28. [Philipp, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt|30= 30. [Frederick William I of Prussia-->

Issue Nicholas married Alexandra Fyodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) (1798 - 1860) who thereafter went by the name Alexandra Feodorovna. Charlotte was daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Nicholas and Charlotte were third cousins, as they were both great, great grandchildren of Frederick William I of Prussia.

{]||April 17 1818 [1881, [Marie of Hesse and by Rhine; had issue]||1819||married [1839, Maximilian de Beauharnais; had issue] 1820 [1820||[September 11 1822 [1892, [Charles, King of Württemberg|-|Stillborn Daughter||23 October 1823 [1823||[June 24 1825 [1844, Landgrave Friedrich-Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel|-|[Grand Duchess Elizabeth Nikolaevna of Russia [1826|||-|[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia||1827||married [1848, Alexandra Iosifovna; had issue|-|Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia||July 27 1831 [1891, [Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna; had issue|-|Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia||October 13 1832 [1909, [Olga Feodorovna, Grand Duchess of Russia; had issue|-|}

Illegitimate Issue Many sources state that Nicholas did not have an extramarital affair until after 25 years of marriage, in 1842, when the Empress was forbidden from sex, due to her poor health and recurring heart-attacks, by her doctors. Many facts dispute this claim. Nicholas fathered three known children with mistresses prior to 1842, including one with his most famous, and well documented, mistress Barbara Nelidova.

With Anna-Maria Charlota de Rutenskiold (1791-1856)

Youzia Koberwein (12 May 1825 - 23 February 1923)

With Barbara Yakovleva (1803-1831)

Olga Carlovna Albrecht (10 July 1828 - 20 January 1898)

With Barbara Nelidova (d. 1897)

Alexis Pashkine (17 April 1831 - 20 June 1863)

See also

Descent Nicholas I (list of descendents)
Monument to Nicholas I
Imperial Russia
History of Russia

References

The first draft of this article was taken with little editing from the Library of Congress Federal Research Division's Country Studies series. As their home page at http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html says, "Information contained in the Country Studies On-Line is not copyrighted and thus is available for free and unrestricted use by researchers. As a courtesy, however, appropriate credit should be given to the series." Please leave this statement intact so that credit can be given.

{{Persondata] 1796|DATE OF DEATH= [March 2 [1855 {{Infobox_Monarch ], 1825–March 2, 1855 [1826| successor = [Alexander II of Russia| consort = Charlotte of Prussia
[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna
Queen Olga of Württemberg
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantine Nicholaievich of Russia
Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia (1831-1891)
Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia| royal house = Romanov| royal anthem =| father = Paul I of Russia| mother = Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg| date of death = | place of death =| place of burial=|-->

Nicholas I ([Russian language: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Julian calendar), 1796 – March 2 (18 February Julian calendar), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. He was also King of Poland.

He was born in Gatchina to Paul I of Russia and Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg. He was a younger brother to Alexander I of Russia and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia.

Early life and road to power Nicholas was not brought up to be the Emperor of Russia as he had two elder brothers before him. As such in 1825, when Alexander I suddenly died of typhus, Nicholas was caught in between swearing allegiance to his second-eldest brother Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia and accepting the throne for himself.The interregnum lasted until Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia who was in Warsaw at that time confirmed his refusal additionally. In December 25 (13 Old Style) Nicholas issued the manifesto claiming his accession to the throne. That manifesto named December 1 as official date of his reign start. During that confusion a plot was hatched by the military to overthrow Nicholas and to usurp power. This led to the Decembrist Revolt in December 26 (14 Old Style), 1825 where Nicholas almost lost his life but in the end was successful in suppressing the uprising.

Emperor and principles Nicholas completely lacked his brothers' spiritual and intellectual breadth; he saw his role simply as one paternal autocrat ruling his people by whatever means were necessary. Having experienced the trauma of the Decembrist Revolt, Nicholas I was determined to restrain Russian society. A secret police, the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, ran a huge network of spies and informers with the help of Special Corps of Gendarmes. The government exercised censorship and other controls over education, publishing, and all manifestations of public life. In 1833 the minister of education, Sergey Uvarov, devised a program of "autocracy, Orthodoxy, and nationality" as the guiding principle of the regime. The people were to show loyalty to the unlimited authority of the tsar, to the traditions of the Russian Orthodox Church, and, in a vague way, to the Russian nation. These principles did not gain the support of the population but instead led to repression in general and to suppression of non-Russian nationalities and religions in particular. For example, the government suppressed the Eastern Catholic Churches in Ukraine and Belarus in 1839. See also Cantonists.

Nicholas refused to abolish serfdom during his reign, since it enabled the landlords to govern the peasants-something the relatively small Russian bureacracy was unable to do directly. However, he did make some efforts to improve the lot of the state peasants (serfs owned by the government) with the help of the minister Pavel Kiselev.

Culture The official emphasis on Russian nationalism contributed to a debate on Russia's place in the world, the meaning of Russian history, and the future of Russia. One group, the Westernizers, believed that Russia remained backward and primitive and could progress only through more Europeanization. Another group, the Slavophiles, enthusiastically favored the Slavs and their culture and customs, and had a distaste for Western world and their culture and customs. The Slavophiles viewed Slavs philosophy as a source of wholeness in Russia and were skeptical of Western rationalism and materialism. Some of them believed that the Russian peasant commune, or mir (social), offered an attractive alternative to Western capitalism and could make Russia a potential social and moral saviour. The Slavophiles, therefore, represented a form of Russian messianism.

Despite the repressions of this period, Russia experienced a flowering of literature and the arts. Through the works of Aleksandr Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, and numerous others, Russian literature gained international stature and recognition. Ballet took root in Russia after its importation from France, and classical music became firmly established with the compositions of Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857).

Foreign policy on St. Isaac's Square

In foreign policy, Nicholas I acted as the protector of ruling legitimism and guardian against revolution. His offers to suppress revolution on the European continent, accepted in some instances, earned him the label of gendarme of Europe. In 1825 Nicholas I was crowned and began to limit the liberties of constitutional monarchy in Congress Poland. In return, after the November Uprising broke out, in 1831 the Sejm deposed Nicholas as king of Poland in response to his repeated curtailment of its constitutional rights. The Tsar reacted by sending Russian troops into Poland. Nicholas crushed the rebellion, abrogated the Polish constitution, and reduced Poland to the status of a Privislinskiy Kray and embarked on a policy of repression towards Catholics. In 1848, when a Revolutions of 1848 convulsed Europe, Nicholas was in the forefront of reaction. In 1849 he intervened on behalf of the Habsburgs and helped suppress an The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, and he also urged Prussia not to accept a liberal constitution. Having helped conservative forces repel the specter of revolution, Nicholas I seemed to dominate Europe.

Russian dominance proved illusory, however. While Nicholas was attempting to maintain the status quo in Europe, he adopted an aggressive policy toward the Ottoman Empire. Nicholas I was following the traditional Russian policy of resolving the so-called Eastern Question by seeking to partition the Ottoman Empire and establish a protectorate over the Orthodox population of the Balkans, still largely under Ottoman control in the 1820s. Russia fought a successful war with the Ottomans in 1828 and 1829. In 1833 Russia negotiated the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi with the Ottoman Empire. The major European parties mistakenly believed that the treaty contained a secret clause granting Russia the right to send warships through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits. By the London Straits Convention of 1841, they affirmed Ottoman control over the straits and forbade any power, including Russia, to send warships through the straits. Based on his role in suppressing the revolutions of 1848 and his mistaken belief that he had British diplomatic support, Nicholas moved against the Ottomans, who declared war on Russia in 1853. Fearing the results of an Ottoman defeat by Russia, in 1854 United Kingdom and France joined what became known as the Crimean War on the Ottoman side. Austria offered the Ottomans diplomatic support, and Prussia remained neutral, leaving Russia without allies on the continent. The European allies landed in Crimea and laid siege to the well-fortified Russian base at Sevastopol. After a year's siege the base fell, exposing Russia's inability to defend a major fortification on its own soil. Nicholas I died before the fall of Sevastopol, but he already had recognized the failure of his regime. Russia now faced the choice of initiating major reforms or losing its status as a major European power.

Legacy From time to time efforts are made to revive Nicholas' reputation. Nicholas believed in his own oath and in respecting other people's rights as well as his own; witness Poland before 1831 and Hungary in 1849. He hated serfdom at heart and would have liked to destroy it, as well as detesting the tyranny of the Baltic squires over their 'emancipated' peasantry.... He must not be judged by the panic period of 1848-1855... we must not forget that his Minister of Public Education was Uvarov... who did an immense amount to spread education through the Empire at all levels. (Igor Vinogradoff)

The Marquis de Custine was open to the possibility that, inside, Nicholas was a good person, and only behaved as he did because he believed he had to. "If the Emperor, has no more of mercy in his heart than he reveals in his policies, then I pity Russia; if, on the other hand, his true sentiments are really superior to his acts, then I pity the Emperor."

Nicholas is involved in a common misconception about the railroad from Moscow to St Petersburg. When it was to be constructed, the engineers proposed to Nicholas to draw the future road on the map himself. So he is said to have taken the ruler and put one end at Moscow, the other at St. Petersburg, and then drawn a straight line. But as his finger was slightly sticking out, this left the road with a small curving. In fact, this curve was added in 1877, 26 years after the railway's construction to circumvent a steep gradient that lasted for 15km, and interfered with the railway's functionality.{{

cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/russia/article/0,2763,579665,00.html|publisher=Guardian Unlimited|title=Tsar's Finger sliced off on the Moscow express|date=October 24, 2001

--> This curving had to be rectified in the early 2000s when the speed of the trains running between the two cities had to be increased.

Ancestors {{ahnentafel-compact5|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;|border=1|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;|boxstyle_1=background-color: #008080;|boxstyle_2=background-color: #00c0c0;|boxstyle_3=background-color: #40ffff;|boxstyle_4=background-color: #80ffff;|boxstyle_5=background-color: #c0ffff;|1= 1. Nicholas I of Russia|2= 2. [Paul I of Russia|4= 4. [Peter III of Russia|6= 6. [Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg|8= 8. [Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|10= 10. [Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst|12= 12. [Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg|14= 14. [Friedrich Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt|16= 16. [Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|18= 18. [Peter I of Russia|20= 20. [Johann Ludwig of Anhalt-Zerbst|22= 22. [Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin|24= 24. [Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental|26= 26. [Anselm Franz of Thurn and Taxis|28= 28. [Philipp, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt|30= 30. [Frederick William I of Prussia-->

Issue Nicholas married Alexandra Fyodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) (1798 - 1860) who thereafter went by the name Alexandra Feodorovna. Charlotte was daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Nicholas and Charlotte were third cousins, as they were both great, great grandchildren of Frederick William I of Prussia.

{]||April 17 1818 [1881, [Marie of Hesse and by Rhine; had issue]||1819||married [1839, Maximilian de Beauharnais; had issue] 1820 [1820||[September 11 1822 [1892, [Charles, King of Württemberg|-|Stillborn Daughter||23 October 1823 [1823||[June 24 1825 [1844, Landgrave Friedrich-Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel|-|[Grand Duchess Elizabeth Nikolaevna of Russia [1826|||-|[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia||1827||married [1848, Alexandra Iosifovna; had issue|-|Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia||July 27 1831 [1891, [Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna; had issue|-|Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia||October 13 1832 [1909, [Olga Feodorovna, Grand Duchess of Russia; had issue|-|}

Illegitimate Issue Many sources state that Nicholas did not have an extramarital affair until after 25 years of marriage, in 1842, when the Empress was forbidden from sex, due to her poor health and recurring heart-attacks, by her doctors. Many facts dispute this claim. Nicholas fathered three known children with mistresses prior to 1842, including one with his most famous, and well documented, mistress Barbara Nelidova.

With Anna-Maria Charlota de Rutenskiold (1791-1856)

Youzia Koberwein (12 May 1825 - 23 February 1923)

With Barbara Yakovleva (1803-1831)

Olga Carlovna Albrecht (10 July 1828 - 20 January 1898)

With Barbara Nelidova (d. 1897)

Alexis Pashkine (17 April 1831 - 20 June 1863)